Once an engineer decides this physical model is a good representation of the actual physical system, the engineer can apply the appropriate Laws of Nature, here Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Laws (KVL and KCL), to the physical model. Shown below in Figure 1, is a first-order RC low-pass electrical filter.
An example of this is the common electrical resistance-capacitance (RC) system.
As an example of the first situation - designing your own component or system - let's use the simplest dynamic system for illustration, the first-order system. The most common technique used for modeling linear, time-invariant systems is the block diagram, with the mathematical model represented as a transfer function. The second, which is becoming more common in multidisciplinary systems in this global economy, occurs when subsystems are designed and manufactured by different vendors and must be brought together for final assembly. The first is the common situation where an engineer is designing a component or system and needs to predict its performance. Let's look at two situations as a basis of comparison. Modeling is the single most important activity in mechatronic system design and this article focuses on some techniques and tools engineers can use to create mathematical models from the various physical models of the physical systems they are investigating or designing.
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